The main areas of intervention in vascular surgery are:

• Arterial diseases — obstructions and aneurysms;
• Venous diseases — varicose veins and venous thrombosis;
• Lymphatic vessel diseases — lymphedema;
• Vasculitis and vasomotor diseases;
• Hyperhidrosis and hypersympathetic states;
• Vascular malformations: arterial, venous, and arteriovenous;
• Trophic lesions of vascular origin — leg ulcers (arterial, venous, or mixed), diabetic foot.

Among the surgeries most frequently performed by this specialty are:

• Revascularization surgery for arterial obstructions of the lower limbs
• Bypass surgery and angioplasty/stent
• Surgical treatment of arterial aneurysms
• Conventional and endovascular surgery
• Surgical and endovascular correction of stenotic lesions of the supra-aortic trunks
• Carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting
• Surgery for chronic venous insufficiency (leg varicose veins)
• Conventional surgery and minimally invasive surgery (laser, radiofrequency, foam, glue).

Other important interventions in this specialty include:

• Vascular access for hemodialysis;
• Thoracic and lumbar sympathectomy;
• Embolization of pelvic varices;
• Recanalization and stenting of deep vein thrombosis;
• Cava vein filters;
• Amputation surgery.

Vascular surgery is also responsible for diagnostic exams such as angiography and Doppler ultrasound.